Italian intellectual and political activist, founder of the Communist Party (Ales, Sardinia, 1891 - Rome, 1937). Thanks to the support of his brother and his intellectual capacity he overcame the difficulties produced by his physical deformity (he was hunchbacked) and by the poverty of his family (since his father was imprisoned, accused of embezzlement). He studied at the University of Turin, where he was influenced intellectually by Benedetto Croce and the socialists.
In 1913 he joined the Italian Socialist Party, immediately becoming a leader of its left wing. After working on various party periodicals, he founded, together with Palmiro Togliatti and Umberto Elia Terracini, the magazine Ordine nuovo (1919). Faced with the dilemma posed to socialists around the world by the course taken by the Russian Revolution, Antonio Gramsci chose to adhere to the communist line and, at the Livorno Congress (1921), split with the group that founded the Italian Communist Party.
Gramsci belonged from the beginning to the Central Committee of the new party, which he also represented in Moscow within the Third International (1922); he endowed the formation with an official press organ (L’Unità, 1924) and represented it as a deputy (1924). He was a member of the Executive of the Communist International, whose Bolshevik orthodoxy he defended in Italy by expelling from the party the ultra-left group of Amadeo Bordiga, which he accused of following Trotsky’s line (1926).
He soon had to go underground, since since 1922 Italy was under the power of Mussolini, who would exercise from 1925 an iron fascist dictatorship. Gramsci was arrested in 1926 and spent the rest of his life in prison, subjected to humiliation and ill-treatment, which added to his tuberculosis to make prison life extremely difficult, until he died of cerebral congestion.
In these conditions, however, Gramsci was able to produce a great written work (the voluminous Prison Notebooks), containing an original revision of Marx’s thought, in a historicist sense and tending to modernize the legacy of Marxism to adapt it to the conditions of Italy and twentieth-century Europe. Already at the Lyon Congress (1926) he had advocated the broadening of the social bases of communism by opening it to all classes of workers, including intellectuals. His theoretical contributions would powerfully influence the adaptation of Western communism that took place in the sixties and seventies, the so-called Eurocommunism. 🤮
Gramsci’s concept of hegemony. Gramsci saw the ruling class maintaining its power over society in two ways –
Coercion – it uses the army, police, prison and courts to force other classes to accept its rule
Consent (hegemony) – it uses ideas and values to persuade the subordinate classes that its rule is legitimate
Hegemony and Revolution
In advanced Capitalist societies, the ruling class rely heavily on consent to maintain their rule. Gramsci agrees with Marx that they are able to maintain consent because they control institutions such as religion, the media and the education system. However, according to Gramsci, the hegemony of the ruling class is never complete, for two reasons:
The ruling class are a minority – and as such they need to make ideological compromises with the middle classes in order to maintain power The proletariat have dual consciousness. Their ideas are influenced not only by bourgeois ideology but also by the material conditions of their life – in short, they are aware of their exploitation and are capable or seeing through the dominant ideology.
Antonio Gramsci Marxists.org :gramsci-heh:
Antonio Gramsci and the Italian Revolution :anti-italian-action:
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Not to be parasocial, does will menaker slur his speech? How long has he been doing that?
slop posting
destiny’s finally taking the fall for being a sex pest. what a world.
I find it super rich how roko’s basilisk which is viewed as this “online” thought experiment from the early 2000s about artificial super intelligence essentially just regurgitates information from 20th century sci fi authors writing about AI doomerism
I think plagiarism has always been a feature of humanity which is why copyright is so fucking stupid
The US government not unsealing the JFK documents because they reveal that his head just did that.
Here is an interesting question,
As a socialist, how would you get people to do important but undesirable work?
Trades and drivers come to mind almost instantly as roles with shortages, and while medical and scientific jobs have a huge shortage as well, the barrier there can easily be explained by education being a luxury.
Because I’m not liking current CHUD ideas of prison labor, forcing people with disabilities to do them, or automating away desirable jobs.
Gonna just make stickers for a side gig. I’d like to pay off a bill or two, but also completely overcome by my desire to make agitprop that would honestly never sell without a healthy base of leftists infighting over which book they didnt finish reading is better.
So all my local civility libs and intellectuals have now all of a sudden had enough of the big socials and are descending on the Fedi with full force. I’ve seen so much self-commodifying and “civil discourse” in my previously at least remotely leftist shitposty Mastodon feed that I need to tap out from there for a bit. Is there a way to block a whole language on there? I mean these are the sort of people I originally left the big socials for, they are obnoxious. So much outrage about optics, it’s exhausting.
Doula’s a funny word I wonder where it comes from?
The term doula was first used in a 1969 anthropological study conducted by Dana Raphael, a protégée of Margaret Mead, with whom she co-founded the Human Lactation Center in Westport, Connecticut, in the 1970s.[20] Raphael suggested it was a widespread practice that a female of the same species be part of childbirth, and in human societies this was traditionally a role occupied by a family member or friend whose presence contributed to successful long-term breastfeeding.[20] Raphael derived the term from modern Greek (δούλα, doúla (Greek pronunciation: [ˈðula]), “slave”[21]), as told to her by an elderly Greek woman,[22] Eleni Rassias,[23] and described it as coming from “Aristotle’s time,” an Ancient Greek word δούλα meaning “female slave.”
Did the ceasefire happen now?
Still can’t believe the Canadian constitution has a “you can break the constitution if you say ‘pretty please’” clause.
OK, finally back in here, stayed away for a while because my desktop computer broke
I finally got feedback from a job that rejected me. All they told me was that other people have better communication skills than me. I’m on the spectrum…
Come to chacha after getting lib overloaded of reddit boop boop booboo boop <- tune when you heal at a pokecenter(in crystal and earlier haven’t played later one so idk if they changed it, bad decision if so)
Crush showed up unannounced(not for me). I didn’t plan on seeing them again until next year >.>
Ful medames and hummus are yummy
