This quote:

“Now your dreams will never again be so peaceful. You will see capital in your nights, like a nightmare, that presses you and threatens to crush you. With terrified eyes you will see it get fatter, like a monster with one hundred proboscises that feverishly search the pores of your body to suck your blood. And finally you will learn to assume its boundless and gigantic proportions, its appearance dark and terrible, with eyes and mouth of fire, morphing its suckers into enormous hopeful trumpets, within which you’ll see thousands of human beings disappear: men, women, children. Down your face will trickle the sweat of death, because your time, and that of your wife and your children will soon arrive. And your final moan will be drowned out by the happy sneering of the monster, glad with your state, so much richer, so much more inhumane.”

—Carlo Cafiero, Summary of Marx’s Capital

Otherwise, everyone’s given the main ones, so these are more tangential: mark fisher - ‘the weird and the eerie’. And also, not explicitly but Althusser’s ‘on the reproduction of capitalism’ feels very lovecraftian if you know what you’re looking for, because it goes into the way that capitalism is a big self reproducing mass that is all consuming and practically incomprehensible in its entirety to the human brain.

There’s also fiction about capitalist bureacracy as a lovecraftian monster, in Grimscribe, and My Work Is Not Yet Done by Thomas Ligotti.